Comparisons included oral vitamin D supplementation versus placebo (dummy pill) or no intervention higher-dose vitamin D versus lower-dose vitamin D vitamin D plus micronutrients (vitamins or minerals or both) compared to the same micronutrients alone and higher-dose vitamin D plus micronutrients (vitamins or minerals or both) compared to lower-dose vitamin D plus the same micronutrients. In addition, 33 studies were classified as currently being conducted (ongoing) and 21 studies as 'awaiting classification' because they did not provide enough information to be categorised as included, ongoing, or excluded. We included 187 reports representing 75 studies (12,122 participants), conducted most frequently in India, USA, and Canada, among children under five years of age. We also explored other outcomes related to vitamin D status, including adverse effects.
We examined the evidence regarding vitamin D supplements and their potential effects on linear growth. Previous literature has shown that blood vitamin D level is associated with stunting and poor growth. Stunting and poor growth among children under five years of age remain a major global challenge. Deficiency in vitamin D has also been linked to non-skeletal health outcomes such as growth. Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that plays a major role in skeletal health.
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